{"id":29514,"date":"2025-11-30T12:33:12","date_gmt":"2025-11-30T09:33:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ph.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/?page_id=29514"},"modified":"2026-02-11T12:39:40","modified_gmt":"2026-02-11T09:39:40","slug":"%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%b2-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%8a%d8%af%d9%84%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ph.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%b2-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%8a%d8%af%d9%84%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b1\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"29514\" class=\"elementor elementor-29514\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67f8023 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"67f8023\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1dd3a61 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1dd3a61\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25f0ca9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"25f0ca9\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97433b5 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"97433b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63a575a e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"63a575a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"104486746\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1044867461\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1044867461\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-left\"><\/i>\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-left\"><\/i>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1044867462\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1044867462\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-left\"><\/i>\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-left\"><\/i>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1044867463\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1044867463\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-left\"><\/i>\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-left\"><\/i>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1044867464\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1044867464\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-left\"><\/i>\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-left\"><\/i>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1044867465\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1044867465\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-left\"><\/i>\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-left\"><\/i>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1044867466\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1044867466\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 6;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-left\"><\/i>\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-left\"><\/i>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1044867461\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1044867461\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-691f293 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"691f293\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8248be e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f8248be\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c332bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7c332bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-98349e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"98349e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1044867462\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1044867462\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-c932185 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c932185\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cccfa9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1cccfa9\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb3d52d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bb3d52d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-105fbb6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"105fbb6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u0649 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1044867463\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1044867463\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-e1bc509 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e1bc509\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f48399 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f48399\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0d4d83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c0d4d83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9c5a66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c9c5a66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n \t<li>\u00a0\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n \t<li>\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n \t<li>\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 case study \u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1044867464\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1044867464\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-b0e24c4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b0e24c4\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7518b5d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7518b5d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad32aad elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ad32aad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1db8378 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1db8378\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629.<\/li><li>\u064a\u0628\u063a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1044867465\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1044867465\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-646dd2d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"646dd2d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d40616f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d40616f\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bad3c81 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bad3c81\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d93df71 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"d93df71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;expanded&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2270\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" open>\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2270\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\">  \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2270\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0299f42 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0299f42\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2270\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bfb1728 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bfb1728\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0a85ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0a85ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\/ \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/span>\n<br>\n1- \u0623.\u062f\/ \u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u00a0 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064b\u0627\n<br>\n\u0662- \u0623.\u062f\/ \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u00a0 \u00a0\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\n<br>\n\u0663- \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 .\n<br>\n4- \u0639\u062f\u062f (\u06f3) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0629\u00a0 (\u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u00a0 )\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621.<\/span>\n<br>\n5 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\/ \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0629\u00a0 <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b<\/span>\n<br>\n6- \u0639\u062f\u062f (\u06f2) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0629\u00a0 \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u00a0 \u00a0 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621\n<br>\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (\u06f3\u06f1\u06f1) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645 (\u0664\u0669) \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629\u00a0 <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u06f1\u06f9\u06f7\u06f2\u0645..<\/span><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2271\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2271\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2271\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9070e89 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9070e89\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2271\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be9e205 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"be9e205\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc444fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fc444fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0634\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0635:<\/span>\n<br>\n-\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647.\n<br>\n-\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f 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\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064c\u064c\u064a\u064a\u0646\u00a0 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064c\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632. \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0632\u064c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064c\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u0649(24 ) \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1997 \u0648(7)\u00a0 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2010 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 (3) \u0644\u0633\u0645\u0629 2010.<br>\n-\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u00a0 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d 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\u0631\u0642\u0645 49 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0647 .1972\n<br>\n-\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631.\n<br>\n-\u062a\u0641\u0648\u064c\u064a\u0636 \u0631\u0626\u064c\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 42 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1967 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u064c\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u064b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1044867466\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1044867466\" data-tab-index=\"6\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 6;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-3111b84 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3111b84\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33e248f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"33e248f\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1fa1d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b1fa1d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7214161 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7214161\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/ph.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/kkkkk.pdf\">\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a> .<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 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